It is generally classified into 4 types: 1. PR L) However, the radius is the most important factor that determines the PR because both V and L are normally constant. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Experimental hypertension is of great value in study in the possible causes of hypertension in man and the effect of drugs on hypertension. : Nervous mechanisms e.g. 168cc lf161qmk. Lab Points: Each lab will begin. EFFECTS OF HAEMORRHAGE These depend upon two factors: 1. Interruption of blood flow to the brain (severe brain ischaemia) leads to loss of consciousness in about 5 seconds. control mechanism. Chemoreceptor reflexes: ABP (as in haemorrhage) blood flow to the peripheral chemoreceptors hypoxia of these receptors ( PO2) reflex of heart rate + reflex vasoconstriction of the arterioles ABP. excitability, Cardiovascular Physiology - . During each cardiac cycle, certain events occur in the heart and these include pressure changes, volume changes, production of heart sounds, closure and opening of heart valves and electrical changes in the heart. (7) Sleep: - ABP decreases slightly during sleep. Reactions that maintain a normal blood volume: These include: a- Restoration of the plasma volume by (a) ADH (helps water retension in the body) (b) Secretion of aldosterone (by effect of angiotensin II) which increases Na+ and water retension in the body (c) Drinking water (as a result of the increased thirst sensation) (d) Inhibition of secretion of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Thus, occlusion of a large branch of the coronary artery e.g. It ranges between 95 and 145 mm Hg with an average of about 120 mm Hg in adults i.e. The CBF varies inversely with the intracranial pressure. In this way, these reflexes maintain the normal level of ABP. Cardiac output propels blood through the arteries and veins as. figure 14-7g. heart rate of diastolic BP & HR of diastolic BP. 2. action of the left ventricle Haemorrhagic shock e.g. Vasoconstrictor substance: e.g. passage of fluid across the capillary wall into the alveoli. cardiac work CBF and cardiac work CBF. brain and heart. dr. poland room 3-007, sanger hall phone: 828-9557 e-mail: poland@hsc.vcu.edu. Guyton's original mathematical model is used with his data to show that a simultaneous increase in arterial pressure and decrease in right atrial pressure with increasing cardiac output is due to a blood volume shift into the systemic arterial circulation from the systemic venous circulation. b) Short pulmonary capillaries and veins which are easily distensible. PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIAC MUSCLE 3 MAJOR TYPES: 1. This may due to: 1. Arthur Guyton's concepts of the determinative role of right heart filling in cardiac output continue to be controversial. PR I/r4). Long-term regulation of the ABP: This is a slowly-acting pressure control mechanism called renal-body fluid-pressure control mechanism. Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) coronary vasoconst CBF. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. ANGINA PECTORIS & CORONARY THROMBOSIS The coronary arteries are liable to degenerative changes leading to their narrowing or occlusion by blood thrombosis. They start in less than one second. cardiovascular disease is #1 cause of death major underlying cause is ischemia due to: Cardiovascular Physiology - . This response is very important in cases of severe hypotension, at blood pressures below 60 mm Hg. lecture outline. Dr. Abdulhalim Serafi, MB ChB,MSc,PhD,FESC Assistant Professor & Consultant Cardiologist Faculty of Medicine Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Al-Mukarramah Saudi Arabia. However, this renders this area more liable to ischemia and infarction. qiang xia ( ), phd department of physiology room c518, block c, research building, These anatomizes are not sufficient to supply the cardiac, The coronary vessels are susceptible to degeneration and. Volume of blood lost. Outline: review integrated cardiac, Cardiovascular Physiology - Cardiovascular physiology. The glycogen content of the brain meets its metabolic needs only for 2 minutes. Long-term regulation. - the diastolic BP may remain unchanged or it id slightly decreased due to vasodilatation of the arterioles of the active skeletal muscles. 3- Malignant hypertension: This is a severe type characterized by marked elevation of ABP without obvious causes. A.B.P. View Cardiovascular Physiology.ppt from PHYSIOLOGY 001 at Los Angeles Southwest College. One primary criticism of Guyton's model is that the parameters describing venous return had not been measured in a functioning cardiovascular system in . dried sweat on back can cause cough; slippery rock university football schedule 2022; metabolites. Download full-text PDF Read full-text Abstract . qiang xia ( ), phd department of physiology room c518, block c, research building, - the diastolic BP may remain unchanged or it id slightly, Vasodilatation of arterioles of their diameter , Factors that determine the peripheral resistance, Regulation of the diameter of the arterioles. The PR varies directly with the blood viscosity (i.e. and reserve proteins secretion of adrenaline & from the tissues to the Noradrenaline plasma proteins. These reactions restore blood pressure and blood volume in mild or moderate haemorrhage. Maryam Fida Follow Optometrist & Orthoptist Effect of change in heart rate: Changes in HR affect diastolic more than systolic BP i.e. SPECIALIZED EXCITATORY AND CONDUCTIVE MUSCLE - exhibit automatic rhythmical electrical discharge in the form of action potentials or conduction of the action potentials through the heart CARDIAC MUSCLE ANATOMY The pulmonary vascular The blood pressure is 25 mm Hg systolic & 10 mm Hg diastolic in pulmonary arteries, 10 mm Hg in pulmonary capillaries & 6 mm Hg in pulmonary veins. student manual dr. guido e. santacana. Below is the complete table of content that you will be able to access inside the Guyton and Hall Physiology Review PDF: UNIT I: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology UNIT II: Membrane Physiology, Nerve, and Muscle UNIT III: The Heart UNIT IV: The Circulation UNIT V: The Body Fluids and Kidneys 2412 Views Download Presentation. secondary to a tumor in the supra- renal gland secretion of cortisol, Aldosterone & adrenaline. pneumotorax. The mean pulmonary blood pressure is 16 of the aortic pressure as the pulmonary peripheral resistance is low because of: a) Little amount of smooth muscles in pulmonary arterioles. Pulse pressure: It is the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure e.g. Dr. Abdulhalim Serafi, MB ChB,MSc,PhD,FESC Assistant Professor & Consultant Cardiologist Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Al-Mukarramah Saudi Arabia. student lecture. Cardiovascular Physiology. Pulmonary peripheral vascular resistance = (PVR): Any increase in pulmonary peripheral resistance much in P.B.P. Cardiovascular Physiology - . APIdays Paris 2019 - Innovation @ scale, APIs as Digital Factories' New Machi Mammalian Brain Chemistry Explains Everything. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Part II CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE X:HAEMORRHAGE, SHOCK & HEART FAILURE Outline: - Haemorrhage: : Effects of haemorrhage. The effect of CO2 on the cerebral vessels is indirect through formation of H2CO3 H+ions which dilate the cerebral vessels. action potentials conduction pathways ekgs. J. PHYSIOL. Vasopressin mechanism: - blood volume & ABP stimulation of stretch receptors in the right atrium and in aortic arch and carotid sinus reflex of vasopressin (ADH) from the posterior pituitary. b- Restoration of the plasma proteins (by increased synthesis from the tissue reserve proteins as well as the diet proteins) c- Restoration of the red blood cells (by increased formation in the bone marrow under effect of the erythropoietin hormone, which is released by the kidneys as a result of O2 lack). in skeletal muscles and skin. Venoconstriction VR Mobilization of labile Contraction of spleen. The structured interpretation of chest x rays. AI and Machine Learning Demystified by Carol Smith at Midwest UX 2017, Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project, Harry Surden - Artificial Intelligence and Law Overview, No public clipboards found for this slide. action potentials conduction pathways ekgs. Acts as a blood reservoir. close to its normal level 1. Myocardial Infarction produces also chest pain which is more severe than that of angina and it cannot be relieved by rest or coronary VD drugs. pump. We've encountered a problem, please try again. The regional pulmonary blood flow is controlled by gravity (it is greater in the bases of the lungs) and O2 tension (it is reduced in hypoxic areas). Accordingly, the pulmonary arterial B.P. in skeletal and skin Chemical Regulation The arterioles show VD or VC by some chemical or hormonal agents. student manual dr. guido e. santacana. 4. N.B. dr james ker. Guyton-Physiology-Chapter-9-Outline.doc. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted by the posterior pituitary. - Physiological variations of ABP. Regulation of mean ABP includes: Short-term regulation. Control of the Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF): Control of the Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF): Nervous Control: Sympathetic stimulation weak vasoconstriction of the cerebral blood vessels but it the CBF because it simultaneously the ABP. Vasoconstrictor substance e.g. Delayed compensatory reactions Delayed reactionsaim at keeping the arterial B.P. c) Hormones Thyroxin cardiac metabolism coronary vasodilator CBF. injection of histamine (in experimental animals) generalized vasodilatation circulatory capacity ABP (=histamine shock). They are quite powerful reflexes. Uploaded on Aug 15, 2014 Bess Wolfe + Follow hormonal change normal diastolic blood pressure vasomotor tone more constriction of the arterioles PR ABP vasomotor tone less constriction of the arterioles VD PR ABP Chemical regulation: - The arterioles show VC or VD by some chemical or hormonal agents: Vasoconstrictor substance: e.g. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Aldosterone hormone which is secreted from the suprarenal cortex and it helps Na+ and H2O reabsorption from the renal tubules blood volume. Cardiovascular Physiology - . nervous supply. Source: The Guyton and Hall Physiology. shock (histamine shock). During an epileptic attack, the blood flow increases in the epileptic focus but in other parts of the brain. regulation of blood pressure. mechanism - Aldosterone c) Capillary fluid shift Long-term regulation=renal mechanisms: - body fluid-pressure - Shift of fluid from capillaries control mechanism. figure 14-7g. Sequence of events from the beginning of one systole to the beginning of next consecutive systole. Long-term regulation of the ABP. LECTURE VIII: CORONARY CIRCULATION. The activity of the VMC (:: sympathetic vasomotor tone) is modified impulses from the arterial baroreceptors, the peripheral chemoreceptors, atrial receptors and other receptors e.g. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. If the lost blood volume exceeds 30%: the replacement of the lost blood volume by I.V. But when more than 30% of the blood volume is lost, the body can not compensate for it and unless blood transfusion is done death results. acts through the kidney - Chemoreceptor reflexes. 2. 3. During expiration, P.B.P is , because expiration recoil of the lungs compression of pulmonary vessels P.B.P. The in C.O.P. in left-sided heart failure or mitral stenosis passage of fluid into the alveoli 2. The SlideShare family just got bigger. without much in P.B.P. Normal diastolic BPis produced and maintained by: Marked or excessive decrease of blood volume e.g. Rapid and weak pulse: and in severe haemorrhage, the pulse is hardly felt. Slide 1 The cardiovascular system consists of a network of vessels that circulates blood throughout the body, motored by the action of the heart. The coronary vessels are susceptible to degeneration and atherosclerosis. ABP, blood volume, body sodium release of rennin activation of rennin angiotensin system. wu minfan department of physiology, shenyang medical, CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY - . ABP is directly proportional to COP (provided that all other factors affecting ABP remain constant). Peripheral resistance Arterial elasticity Blood volume ABP is related to the cardiac output and peripheral resistance according to the following equation: ABP = Cardiac output x Peripheral resistance. Part II CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY. Get powerful tools for managing your contents. cardiovascular physiology lectures. This site is a web-based resource of cardiovascular physiology concepts that has been written for students, teachers, and health professionals. Guyton PowerPoint PPT Presentations. The severe vasoconstriction elevates the ABP toward normal to improve the blood flow to the brain. Depolarization only by opening of slow Na-Ca channels. The elevated ABP stimulates the arterial baroreceptors of the aortic arch and carotid sinus reflex slowing of the heart. Renin acts as a proteolytic enzyme which acts on a plasma 2 globulin formed by the liver called angiotensinogen and converts it into decapeptide called angiotensin I (AI). ABP. is useful because it pulmonary gas exchange without over working the heart. Moderate of blood volume baroreceptors reflex heart rate and vasoconstriction of arterioles ABP towards normal. Create stunning presentation online in just 3 steps. Venous Drainage: Coronary venous drainage occurs through two systems: 1) Superficial system: which drains the left ventricle. Hypotension blood flow to the brain (ischaemia). Normal diastolic blood pressure is important for coronary filling because filling of coronary arteries occurs mainly during ventricular diastolic.

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